What is the function of track switches?

The function of track switches is primarily to enable trains to divert from one track to another, thereby facilitating the movement of trains across different tracks within a rail yard or network. Track switches, also known as turnouts or points, consist of movable rails that can be adjusted to direct a train onto the desired track. This capability is crucial for the efficient operation of rail transport, allowing for routing flexibility, access to sidings, and the capability to manage train flow within complex rail systems.

For example, when a train approaches a junction where two tracks diverge, the switch can be set to either allow the train to continue on its current track or to guide it onto an alternate track based on scheduling or logistical needs. This function is vital for maintaining the flow of rail traffic and optimizing the use of available tracks, especially in busy rail yards.

Other options, while related to train operations, do not accurately describe the primary role of track switches. Regulating train speed, signaling departures, and connecting different rail lines are distinct functions that do not capture the essential mechanism and purpose of how track switches work.