What is "ballast" in the context of rail switching?

In the context of rail switching, "ballast" refers to the gravel or rocks that are used to support and stabilize the railroad ties and track structure. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the alignment and integrity of the tracks, preventing movement under the weight and forces exerted by passing trains. The weight of the ballast keeps the ties in place and helps to drain water away from the track, which is essential for preventing deterioration and ensuring safety.

Ballast is specifically chosen for its physical properties – it is typically angular and large enough to prevent the voids from being easily disturbed. This helps in distributing the load from the track over a wider area, enhancing the overall stability and durability of the railway system. The effectiveness of ballast directly influences how well the tracks can handle varying train speeds and loads, making it a critical component in railroad engineering and safety.